Page 99 - Shawl Weaving Artisan - TT

• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs all • Microphone: Captures audio input.
arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, • Webcam: Captures video and still images.
multiplication, division) and logical operations
(comparisons like AND, OR, NOT). • Touchscreen: Allows direct interaction with the
display using fingers or a stylus.
• Control Unit (CU): Directs and coordinates the
entire computer system. It fetches instructions E Output devices: These devices display or present
from memory, interprets them, and controls the processed information from the computer to the
flow of data between the CPU, memory, and user in a human-understandable format.
input/output devices. • Monitor/display screen: Visual output device
• Registers: Small, high-speed storage locations that displays text, images, and videos.
within the CPU used to temporarily hold data • Printer: Produces hard copies of digital
and instructions during processing. documents on paper.
B Memory (Primary storage) - Inkjet Printers: Use liquid ink.

• Random Access Memory (RAM): This is the - Laser Printers: Use toner (powdered ink)
computer’s main memory, used for temporary and a laser.
storage of data and programs that the CPU is
actively using. RAM is “volatile,” meaning its - 3D Printers: Create three-dimensional
contents are lost when the power is turned off. objects from digital designs.
It’s much faster than secondary storage. • Speakers/Headphones: Produce audio
• Read-Only Memory (ROM): Contains output.
permanent, non-volatile instructions (like the • Projector: Displays computer output onto a
BIOS/UEFI) essential for the computer to start large screen or surface.
up (booting process). Its contents cannot be
easily modified. F Motherboard: The main circuit board of a
computer. It acts as the central communication hub,
C Storage devices (Secondary storage): These connecting all the other hardware components,
devices provide long-term, non-volatile storage including the CPU, RAM, storage drives, and
for data and programs, even when the computer expansion cards, and provides power distribution.
is turned off.
G Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): Specialized
• Hard Disk Drives (HDDs): Traditional storage electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate
devices that use spinning platters and magnetic and alter memory to accelerate the creation of
heads to store and retrieve data. They offer images in a frame buffer intended for output
large storage capacities at a lower cost. to a display device. While some CPUs have
• Solid State Drives (SSDs): Newer storage integrated graphics, dedicated GPUs are crucial
technology that uses flash memory. SSDs are for demanding visual tasks like gaming, video
significantly faster, more durable, and consume editing, and 3D rendering.
less power than HDDs, but are generally more H Power Supply Unit (PSU): Converts alternating
expensive per gigabyte. current (AC) from the wall outlet to direct current
• Optical Drives (CD/DVD/Blu-ray): Use lasers (DC) power that the computer components can
to read and write data on optical discs. Less use. It ensures stable and sufficient power delivery
common in modern computers for general to the entire system.
storage. 2 Software: Software is a set of instructions, data, or
• Flash Drives (USB Drives): Portable, small programs used to operate computers and execute
storage devices using flash memory, widely specific tasks. It is intangible and cannot be physically
used for data transfer. touched.
D Input devices: These devices allow users to A System software: Software designed to operate
send data and instructions to the computer. They and control the computer hardware and to provide
convert human-readable input into a digital format a platform for running application software.
the computer can understand. • Operating System (OS): The most crucial
• Keyboard: For entering text, numbers, and system software (e.g., Windows, macOS,
commands. Linux, Android, iOS). It manages all the
hardware and software resources, provides a
• Mouse: A pointing device used to control the user interface, and allows applications to run.
cursor and interact with graphical interfaces. Key functions include memory management,
• Scanner: Converts physical documents or process management, file management, and
images into digital files. device management.

Textile & Handloom: Shawl Weaving Artisan : (NSQF - 2024) R.T. Ex.No 1.7.66-68 89